The need of International Level DNA Centers and Laboratories in Pakistan: A Critical Legal and Scientific Perspective

Abstract

Forensic science, particularly DNA analysis, has become a cornerstone of modern criminal justice systems worldwide. However, Pakistan faces significant challenges in leveraging forensic science to strengthen its rule of law and criminal justice system. This article explores the deficiencies in Pakistan's forensic science infrastructure, the admissibility of forensic evidence in courts, and the handling of crime scenes. It also highlights the growing acceptance of DNA evidence in Pakistani courts, particularly in murder and rape cases, as mandated by Section 164-B of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC). The article concludes with recommendations for establishing international-level DNA centers and laboratories, improving forensic training, and maintaining a national DNA database to enhance the criminal justice system in Pakistan. This research article explores the pressing need for international-level DNA centres and laboratories in Pakistan, highlighting forensic science's role in enhancing crime detection, judicial efficacy, and the rule of law. In recent years, forensic science has developed into a highly developed scientific discipline that is used in both criminal and civil investigations. It includes all of the currently used scientific methods, including DNA and fingerprint analysis, ballistics, explosives, and even photo granitic testing and lie deduction mechanism.