How to Investigate and prosecute the offence of Kidnapping for Ransom: A Case study of Pakistan
Keywords:
Collection of evidence; Defective Investigation; Prosecution; Rules of admissibility; kidnapping or abduction for ransomAbstract
Kidnapping for ransom is one of the most heinous offenses, carrying a capital punishment. This crime is addressed under Section 365-A of the Pakistan Penal Code (PPC) and can also fall under Section 7(e) of the Anti-Terrorism Act of 1997 (ATA). Regardless of the applicable sections of law, cases of this nature are tried in the Anti-Terrorism Court (ATC). The investigation of this heinous offence holds paramount importance in the prosecution of offenders. The primary function of the investigation is the collection of relevant, admissible and reliable evidence. In many cases of kidnapping for ransom, the evidence is predominantly circumstantial, especially when the abductee has been killed. However, in instances, where the abductee is released or recovered, his statement becomes crucial and can, by itself, form the basis for a conviction. Sometimes, the investigating agency gathers circumstantial evidence that appears credible at first glance. However, when subjected to rigorous scrutiny, numerous flaws and doubts inherent in such evidence often become apparent. In these instances, the courts disbelieve the evidence. The primary duty of the prosecutor is to conduct a thorough scrutiny of the police reports prepared u/s 173 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (Cr.P.C) prior their submission to the court, ensuring the rectification of any curable defects and to diligently prosecute the offenders before the competent trial court by presenting cogent and compelling evidence to secure convictions. This Article provides an in-depth analysis of the evidentiary standards commonly employed in the prosecution of kidnapping for ransom cases. It identifies critical deficiencies in both the investigative and prosecutorial phases, highlighting procedural and substantive flaws. Furthermore, the Article offers practical recommendations for improving the processes of evidence collection, preservation and presentation to ensure more effective and just outcomes.
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