Effectiveness of the Criminal Justice System in Child Sexual Abuse: A Case Study of District Kasur, Pakistan

Abstract

Child sexual abuse (CSA) remains a pervasive issue in District Kasur, Pakistan, despite legislative reforms and growing public awareness. This study critically examines the effectiveness of the criminal justice system in addressing CSA cases. Using qualitative research methods, including interviews with judges, law enforcement officials, legal practitioners, and social workers, the study identifies key challenges such as media influence, procedural delays, false accusations, investigative shortcomings, and victim recantation driven by social and financial pressures. Additionally, the lack of specialized police training, inadequate victim support, and insufficient forensic capabilities further hinder justice.The findings highlight the urgent need for legal reforms, improved investigative procedures, and victim-centric policies. Strengthening legal aid, counselling services, and collaboration among legal, social, and healthcare professionals is essential for a victim-cantered approach. False accusations must be addressed with appropriate legal consequences to maintain judicial credibility. Expedited legal reforms, enhanced witness protection programs, and greater reliance on forensic evidence in cases of victim recantation are crucial for ensuring justice. The study recommends establishing specialized CSA investigation units, improving forensic capabilities, and fostering inter-agency collaboration to enhance the system’s effectiveness and restore public trust.