Inclusivity and Teachers’ Aptitude in Higher Education in Pakistan
Keywords:
Inclusivity, Teacher Competency, Learning, Classroom, Higher EducationAbstract
This study has been designed to evaluate teacher competency and inclusive learning classroom environment among female students at the territory level. It has been observed that teacher competency affects student learning in developed and developing countries and Pakistan has no exemption. A quantitative study was conducted at a public sector university in Pakistan. Female students enrolled in the social science department constitute the study population. A proportionate random sampling technique has been used to draw a representative sample of 157 female students from the target population. However, 144 female students have participated in the study. A cross-sectional survey has been conducted and a structured questionnaire has been developed to measure the response of female students. The questionnaire has been tested on 30 female students and the value of Alpha is more than .700. Descriptive and inferential statistics have been utilized to draw results and conclusions. The study findings presented that communication and skills, coaching and assessment, prioritization of reading list, and provision of teaching material have familiar effects on inclusive learning classroom environment among female students at the territory level. Similarly, balanced representation of sources, equal treatment of students, respect and dignity have familiar also similar nature of effects on inclusive learning classroom environment among female students at territory level.
References
Abdul Kader, H. B. (2020). Teacher perception on the potential of flipped classroom pedagogical practice in enhancing classroom interactions in Singapore primary classrooms. Learning: Research and Practice, 6(2), 137-149. doi:10.1080/23735082.2019.1661504
Adams, T., Koster, B., & Brok, P. D. (2022). Student teachers’ classroom management during the school internship. European Journal of Teacher Education, 45(5), 727-745. doi:10.1080/02619768.2020.1860011
Adie, L., & Wyatt-Smith, C. (2020). Fidelity of summative performance assessment in initial teacher education: The intersection of standardisation and authenticity. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 48(3), 267-286. doi:10.1080/1359866X.2019.1606892
Admiraal, W., & Berry, A. (2016). Video narratives to assess student teachers’ competence as new teachers. Teachers and Teaching, 22(1), 21-34. doi:10.1080/13540602.2015.1023026
Ahmad, J., Ahmad, A., Shoaib, M., & Shaukat, B. (2021). Public Library Online Information Resources to Library Patrons during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case of Higher Education Institutions. Library Philosophy and Practice, 1-14.
Ahmad, J., Shoaib, M., & Shaukat, B. (2021). Academic Library Resources and Services at Higher Education Institutions during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case of Students’ Satisfaction. Library Philosophy and Practice, 1-17.
Ahmad, Y., & Yusof, N. M. (2017). Multi-ethnic school environment from the school leader’s perspective: challenges and approaches to improve multi-cultural competency among teachers in Malaysia. Asian Ethnicity, 18(3), 296-309. doi:10.1080/14631369.2016.1225257
Akar, H., & Yildirim, A. (2009). Change in teacher candidates' metaphorical images about classroom management in a social constructivist learning environment. Teaching in Higher Education, 14(4), 401-415. doi:10.1080/13562510903050152
Al-Abdullatif, A. M. (2020). Investigating self-regulated learning and academic achievement in an eLearning environment: The case of K-12 flipped classroom. Cogent Education, 7(1), 1835145. doi:10.1080/2331186X.2020.1835145
Al-Dababneh, K. A., Al-Zboon, E. K., & Akour, M. M. (2016). Competencies that Teachers Need for Teaching Children Who Are Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing (DHH) in Jordan. Deafness & Education International, 18(4), 172-188. doi:10.1080/14643154.2016.1249173
Andrade, H. L., & Brookhart, S. M. (2020). Classroom assessment as the co-regulation of learning. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 27(4), 350-372. doi:10.1080/0969594X.2019.1571992
Anspal, T., Eisenschmidt, E., & Löfström, E. (2012). Finding myself as a teacher: exploring the shaping of teacher identities through student teachers’ narratives. Teachers and Teaching, 18(2), 197-216. doi:10.1080/13540602.2012.632268
Anwar, B., Shoaib, M., & Mustafa, R.-e.-. (2022). Factors Influencing Students’ Willingness to Use Academic Library after COVID-19 Lockdown. International Information & Library Review, 35(2), 136-142.
Anwar, B., Shoaib, M., & Shahid, U. (2024). Academic Performance of the Students in Higher Education in Pakistan: The Role of Information and Communication Technology. Pakistan Social Sciences Review, 8(2), 472-482.
Anwar, B., Shoaib, M., & Zahra, N. (2021). English Language Learning Skill at Tertiary Level: The Role of Classroom Environment and Interactive Demonstration. Pakistan Journal of Language Studies, 5(1), 1-17.
Arslan, O. (2024). Supporting teacher identity development of preservice middle school mathematics teachers in informal learning environments. Reflective Practice, 25(1), 58-73. doi:10.1080/14623943.2023.2285841
Aydoğan, C., Farran, D. C., & Sağsöz, G. (2015). The relationship between kindergarten classroom environment and children's engagement. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 23(5), 604-618. doi:10.1080/1350293X.2015.1104036
Baker, F. (2014). Reflections on an informal learning environment with invocations for classroom learning in Dubai, the United Arab Emirates. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 19(1), 50-66. doi:10.1080/02673843.2012.699880
Bandura, A. (1989). Human agency in social cognitive theory. American psychologist, 44(9), 1175.
Bates, R. (2008). Teacher education in a global context: towards a defensible theory of teacher education. Journal of Education for Teaching, 34(4), 277-293. doi:10.1080/02607470802401388
Bawane, J., & Spector, J. M. (2009). Prioritization of online instructor roles: implications for competency‐based teacher education programs. Distance Education, 30(3), 383-397. doi:10.1080/01587910903236536
Ben‐Peretz, M., Eilam, B., & Landler‐Pardo, G. (2011). Teacher education for classroom management in Israel: structures and orientations. Teaching Education, 22(2), 133-150. doi:10.1080/10476210.2011.567842
Benti, N., & Tarekegne, W. (2022). The current state of secondary school teachers’ morale competence to teach. Cogent Education, 9(1), 2154948. doi:10.1080/2331186X.2022.2154948
Bicen, H., & Beheshti, M. (2022). Assessing perceptions and evaluating achievements of ESL students with the usage of infographics in a flipped classroom learning environment. Interactive Learning Environments, 30(3), 498-526. doi:10.1080/10494820.2019.1666285
Blau, G., Mittal, N., Schirmer, M., & Ozkan, B. (2017). Differences in business undergraduate perceptions by preferred classroom learning environment. Journal of Education for Business, 92(6), 280-287. doi:10.1080/08832323.2017.1365679
Boz, Y., & Cetin-Dindar, A. (2023). Teaching concerns, self-efficacy beliefs and constructivist learning environment of pre-service science teachers: a modelling study. European Journal of Teacher Education, 46(2), 274-292. doi:10.1080/02619768.2021.1919079
Çetin-Dindar, A., Kırbulut, Z. D., & Boz, Y. (2014). Modelling between epistemological beliefs and constructivist learning environment. European Journal of Teacher Education, 37(4), 479-496. doi:10.1080/02619768.2014.944614
Chu, Y. (2021). Preservice teachers learning to teach and developing teacher identity in a teacher residency. Teaching Education, 32(3), 269-285. doi:10.1080/10476210.2020.1724934
Clandinin, D. J., Downey, C. A., & Huber, J. (2009). Attending to changing landscapes: Shaping the interwoven identities of teachers and teacher educators †. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 37(2), 141-154. doi:10.1080/13598660902806316
Clandinin, D. J., Long, J., Schaefer, L., Downey, C. A., Steeves, P., Pinnegar, E., . . . Wnuk, S. (2015). Early career teacher attrition: intentions of teachers beginning. Teaching Education, 26(1), 1-16. doi:10.1080/10476210.2014.996746
Colak Oz, H., Aran, M., Aktakke, N., Üçkardeşler, E., & Hajhassan, Y. (2023). Inequalities in the home learning environment during the pandemic: a closer look at Syrian refugee children’s home learning environment in Türkiye prior to COVID-19. Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies, 18(4), 595-609. doi:10.1080/17450128.2023.2254038
Coll, R. K., Taylor, N., & Fisher, D. L. (2002). An Application of the Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction and College and University Classroom Environment Inventory in a Multicultural Tertiary Context. Research in Science & Technological Education, 20(2), 165-183. doi:10.1080/0263514022000030435
Costa, A. R. (2024). The physical dimensions of the home learning environment and its impact on young people’s learning motivations. Cogent Education, 11(1), 2322862. doi:10.1080/2331186X.2024.2322862
Daly, C., Milton, E., & Langdon, F. (2020). How do ecological perspectives help understand schools as sites for teacher learning? Professional Development in Education, 46(4), 652-663. doi:10.1080/19415257.2020.1787208
Darling-Hammond, L. (2017). Teacher education around the world: What can we learn from international practice? European Journal of Teacher Education, 40(3), 291-309. doi:10.1080/02619768.2017.1315399
Devine, D., Fahie, D., & McGillicuddy, D. (2013). What is ‘good’ teaching? Teacher beliefs and practices about their teaching. Irish Educational Studies, 32(1), 83-108. doi:10.1080/03323315.2013.773228
Donehower Paul, C., Bukaty, C. A., & Dieker, L. (2020). Teacher professional learning using simulation: a Delphi study. Teacher Development, 24(1), 21-32. doi:10.1080/13664530.2019.1694574
Ellis, V., Souto-Manning, M., & Turvey, K. (2019). Innovation in teacher education: towards a critical re-examination. Journal of Education for Teaching, 45(1), 2-14. doi:10.1080/02607476.2019.1550602
Escalié, G., & Chaliès, S. (2016). Supporting the work arrangements of cooperating teachers and university supervisors to better train preservice teachers: a new theoretical contribution. European Journal of Teacher Education, 39(3), 302-319. doi:10.1080/02619768.2016.1185098
Fitriati, F., Rosli, R., Iksan, Z., & Hidayat, A. (2024). Exploring challenges in preparing prospective teachers for teaching 4C skills in mathematics classroom: A school-university partnership perspectives. Cogent Education, 11(1), 2286812. doi:10.1080/2331186X.2023.2286812
Foster, A., & Shah, M. (2020). Principles for Advancing Game-Based Learning in Teacher Education. Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher Education, 36(2), 84-95. doi:10.1080/21532974.2019.1695553
Gallant, A., & Mayer, D. (2012). Teacher performance assessment in teacher education: an example in Malaysia. Journal of Education for Teaching, 38(3), 295-307. doi:10.1080/02607476.2012.668330
Heissenberger, K., & Matischek-Jauk, M. (2020). “It’s worth it”1 practitioner research as a tool of professional learning: starting points, conclusions and benefits from the perspective of teacher-students. Educational Action Research, 28(4), 561-578. doi:10.1080/09650792.2019.1627890
Heneman Iii, H. G., & Milanowski, A. T. (2004). Alignment of Human Resource Practices and Teacher Performance Competency. Peabody Journal of Education, 79(4), 108-125. doi:10.1207/s15327930pje7904_6
Hirpa, T., Simegn, B., Amogne, D., & Getnet, M. (2024). Evaluation of EFL teachers’ knowledge bases and classroom practice: upper primary schools. Cogent Education, 11(1), 2339557. doi:10.1080/2331186X.2024.2339557
Jansen in de Wal, J., van den Beemt, A., Martens, R. L., & den Brok, P. J. (2020). The relationship between job demands, job resources and teachers’ professional learning: is it explained by self-determination theory? Studies in Continuing Education, 42(1), 17-39. doi:10.1080/0158037X.2018.1520697
Lai, C., Huang, Y. X., & Lam, T. (2020). Teachers’ socio-spatial practice in innovative learning environments. Cambridge Journal of Education, 50(4), 521-538. doi:10.1080/0305764X.2020.1736003
Lovett, S. (2020). Understanding values embedded in the leadership of reciprocal professional learning by teachers. Professional Development in Education, 46(4), 593-606. doi:10.1080/19415257.2020.1787199
Lyckander, R. H. (2024). Exploring vocational teacher preparation in Norway: a study of dimensions and differences in vocational teacher learning. Journal of Vocational Education & Training, 76(1), 64-86. doi:10.1080/13636820.2021.2007985
Mariam, S., Anwar, B., & Shoaib, M. (2022). English for Specific Purposes: An Evaluation of 8Th Class Textbook of English. Jahan-e-Tahqeeq, 5(2), 112-119.
Mariam, S., Anwar, B., Shoaib, M., & Rasool, S. (2021). Literacy and Numeracy Drive: An Evaluation of Class Three English Textbook of Punjab. Journal of Critical Reviews, 8(2), 938-946.
Martinez-Luaces, V., Fernández-Plaza, J. A., Rico, L., & Ruiz-Hidalgo, J. F. (2021). Inverse reformulations of a modelling problem proposed by prospective teachers in Spain. International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 52(4), 491-505. doi:10.1080/0020739X.2019.1683773
Quadir, B., Yang, J. C., & Wang, W. (2024). Factors influencing the acquisition of English skills in an English learning environment using Rain Classroom. Interactive Learning Environments, 32(1), 1-19. doi:10.1080/10494820.2022.2075015
Rafi, A. S. M., & Morgan, A.-M. (2024). A pedagogical perspective on the connection between translingual practices and transcultural dispositions in an Anthropology classroom in Bangladesh. International Journal of Multilingualism, 21(1), 236-257. doi:10.1080/14790718.2022.2026360
Reddig, N., & VanLone, J. (2024). Pre-Service Teacher Preparation in Trauma-Informed Pedagogy: A Review of State Competencies. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 23(1), 17-28. doi:10.1080/15700763.2022.2066547
Shaikh, A. N., & Macaulay, L. (2001). Integrating groupware technology into the learning environment. ALT-J, 9(2), 47-63. doi:10.1080/0968776010090206
Shoaib, M. (2021). Sociological Analysis of Teachers Perspectives on Students Academic Performance in Higher Education in the Punjab. (PhD Thesis). International Islamic University Islamabad, Central Library.
Shoaib, M. (2023a, September 22). Galvanising Bourdieu’s typology with Pakistani education and social class. The Nation, p. 4.
Shoaib, M. (2023b, December 05). Gender Differences in Academic Performance. The Nation.
Shoaib, M. (2024a, January 09). Gender Disparity in Education. The Nation.
Shoaib, M. (2024b). Gender Diversity and Inclusion in Higher Education in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Law, Analysis and Wisdom, 3(1), 207-222.
Shoaib, M. (2024c). Gendering Bourdieu’s Cultural Capital in Higher Education in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Law, Analysis and Wisdom, 3(2), 265-278.
Shoaib, M., & Ullah, H. (2019). Female and Male Students’ Educational Performance in Tertiary Education in the Punjab, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Social Issues, X(1), 83-100.
Shoaib, M., & Ullah, H. (2021a). Classroom Environment, Teacher, and Girl Students’ Learning Skills. Education and Urban Society, 1-25. doi:10.1177/00131245211001908
Shoaib, M., & Ullah, H. (2021b). Teachers' perspectives on factors of female students' outperformance and male students' underperformance in higher education. International Journal of Educational Management, 35(3), 684-699. doi:10.1108/IJEM-05-2020-0261
Shoaib, M., Abdullah, F., & Ali, N. (2020). Library Resources and Research Environment in Higher Education Institutions: Students’ Satisfaction. Library Philosophy and Practice, 1-18.
Shoaib, M., Abdullah, F., & Ali, N. (2021). A Research Visualization of Academic Learning Skills among Students in Higher Education Institutions: A Bibliometric Evidence from 1981 to 2020. Library Philosophy and Practice, 5579, 1-34.
Shoaib, M., Abdullah, F., Naqvi, S. A. A., & Ditta, A. (2024). Social Distancing, Social Isolation, and Fake News during COVID-19 Pandemics: A Case of Family Life in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Law, Analysis and Wisdom, 3(4), 105-120.
Shoaib, M., Ahmad, A., Ali, N., & Abdullah, F. (2021). Trend of Research Visualization of Learning, Classroom, and Class Participation in Higher Education Institutions: A Bibliometric Analysis from 2001 to 2020. Library Philosophy and Practice, 5743, 1-26.
Shoaib, M., Ali, N., & Naseer, A. (2021). Plotting the Literature on Precautionary Measures of COVID-19: A Scientometric Analysis of Web of Science. Library Philosophy and Practice, 5899, 1-20.
Shoaib, M., Ali, N., Anwar, B., & Abdullah, F. (2022). Library services and facilities in higher education institutions during coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Pakistan. Journal of Information Science, 1-14.
Shoaib, M., Ali, N., Anwar, B., & Shaukat, B. (2021). Plotting the Literature on Learning Outcomes and Academic Performance in Higher Education from 2001 to 2020: A Scientometric Analysis. Library Philosophy and Practice, 5919, 1-24.
Shoaib, M., Ali, N., Anwar, B., Rasool, S., Mustafa, R.-e., & Zici, S. (2021). Research Visualization on Teaching, Language, Learning of English and Higher Education Institutions from 2011 to 2020: A Bibliometric Evidences Library Philosophy and Practice, 5677, 1-27.
Shoaib, M., Ali, R., & Akbar, A. (2021). Library Services and Facilities in Higher Education Institutions in Pakistan: Satisfaction of Patrons. Library Philosophy and Practice, 1-19.
Shoaib, M., Anwar, B., & Mustafa, R.-E.-. (2022). Moral Literacy and Islamic Values among Students at Tertiary Level. Al-Āfāq Islamic Research Journal, 2(2), 1-11.
Shoaib, M., Anwar, B., & Rasool, S. (2022). Factors Affecting EFL Teaching Skills at Higher Education Institutions in Pakistan: An Analysis of Teachers’ Perspective. Pakistan Journal of Language Studies, 15(1), 1-15.
Shoaib, M., Fatima, U., & Jamil, R. (2021). Academic Library and Students' Learning at University Level: Nothing is Pleasanter than Exploring a Library. Library Philosophy and Practice, 1-19.
Shoaib, M., Iqbal, S., & Tahira, G. (2021). Digitalization of Academic Libraries in Higher Education Institutions during COVID-19 Pandemic. Library Philosophy and Practice, 1-15.
Shoaib, M., Mustafa, R.-E.-., & Hussain, K. G. (2022). Revisiting Classroom Environment and Academic Performance of the Students in Higher Education Institutions. Pakistan Journal of Social Research, 4(3), 969-986.
Shoaib, M., Mustafa, R.-E.-., & Hussain, K. G. (2023). Citing the Empirical Shreds of Electronic Evidence on Pedagogical Skills Employing Bibliometric Analysis from 2001- 2020. Pakistan Journal of Social Research, 5(2), 1050-1062.
Shoaib, M., Rasool, D., & Anwar, D. (2021). Evaluating Research Support Facilities to University Students during COVID-19. Library Philosophy and Practice, 4953(1), 1-18.
Shoaib, M., Rasool, S., Anwar, B., & Ali, R. (2023). Academic library resources and research support services to English teachers in higher education institutions. Journal of Electronic Resources Librarianship, 35(1), 17-27.
Shoaib, M., Tariq, M., Shahzadi, S., & Ali, M. (2022). Role of Academic Libraries in Online Academic Activities during COVID-19 Outbreak at Tertiary Level: A Library is a Thought in Cold Storage. Library Philosophy and Practice, 1-19.
Smith, K., & Flores, M. A. (2019). The Janus faced teacher educator. European Journal of Teacher Education, 42(4), 433-446. doi:10.1080/02619768.2019.1646242
Tirri, K. (2014). The last 40 years in Finnish teacher education. Journal of Education for Teaching, 40(5), 600-609. doi:10.1080/02607476.2014.956545
Ullah, H., & Shoaib, M. (2021). Trend of Research Visualization of Sociology of Education from 2001 to 2020: A Bibliometric Analysis. Library Philosophy and Practice, 1-24.
Ullah, H., Shoaib, M., Ali, N., & Ullah, R. (2022). Digital Research Support Services during COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of the Higher Education Institutions. Journal of Electronic Resources Librarianship, 34(2), 121-134.
Wubbels, T. (2011). An international perspective on classroom management: what should prospective teachers learn? Teaching Education, 22(2), 113-131. doi:10.1080/10476210.2011.567838
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Shoaib, Kokab Shehzadi, Zaheer Abbas
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.