A Comparative Study of Jurisdictional Limits and Exceptions in UK, USA and Pakistan: Excess & Refusal Jurisdictional Ultra Vires
Keywords:
Judicial Review, Administrative Law, Ultra Vires, Jurisdictional Defects of administrative actions, Excess & Refusal Jurisdictional Ultra ViresAbstract
This paper compares the doctrine of ultra vires in the administrative law of the UK, USA and Pakistan, and examines the grounds for exemption from judicial review based on this doctrine. This study examines the concept and application of jurisdictional ultra vires, which refers to the excess or refusal of jurisdiction by courts or tribunals, in three different legal systems: UK, USA and Pakistan. The study compares and contrasts the sources, scope and consequences of jurisdictional ultra vires in each system, as well as the grounds for exemption or immunity from such challenges. The study also analyses the impact of jurisdictional ultra vires on the rule of law, judicial independence and human rights protection. The paper analyses how the courts in the three countries have applied the doctrine of ultra vires to review the decisions of public authorities, and how they have recognized certain exceptions or limitations to this doctrine, such as ouster clauses, political questions, national security, etc. The paper also discusses the similarities and differences among the three legal systems in terms of their approach to ultra vires and judicial review.
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