The Role of Cartels in Pakistan's Pharmaceutical Sector: A Study of Price Fixing and Its Economic Impact
Keywords:
Cartels. Pharmaceutical Sector. Price Fixing. Economic Impact. Pakistan. Market Regulation. Competition Law. Drug Prices. Regulatory FrameworkAbstract
This author undertakes an analysis of the cartels in the Pakistani pharmaceutical industry with the main aim of establishing the practice of cartelization of prices. In the present years, political and socioeconomic factors in the Pakistan’s pharmaceutical sector can be analyzed in terms of regulation, competition, and market manipulation by cartels. This paper analyzes the nature and formations of cartels in this sector, the impact of the cartel on the prices of drugs, availability of the essential medicine, and consumers’ welfare. To examine the effects of the cartel infliction in the pharmaceutical market and on the country’s health care system, this paper adopts legal, economic and policy analyses. Therefore, this paper attempts to explore how effective Pakistan’s current healthcare policy is in achieving its health objectives, compare its environment with other well-developed countries, and finally provide reforms that can lead to a healthier nation.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Amir Nadeem, Shahzada Aamir Mushtaq, Dr. Malik Muhammad Hafeez, Muhammad Ali Siddiqui, Dr. Shabnam Shahab
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