Security Governance Reforms in Balochistan: Opportunities and Challenges of the Levies Integration

Abstract

The integration of the Levies Force into the Balochistan Police was completed in January 2026 and is viewed as a watershed moment for security governance reform in Pakistan's largest province by size (Balochistan). This article discusses a variety of aspects of the integration process (constitutional, administrative, and operational) as well as the challenges presented by the reform initiative and its potential for positively impacting Balochistan's security environment. Through qualitative document analysis and case study methodology, this research paper examines the evolution of the dual policing system that existed in Balochistan prior to integration; identifies the drivers of change to this dual policing system; describes the steps taken to implement the integration of both organizations; and discusses the impact of this integration effort on the counter-terrorism capabilities of each organization as well as the impact of the integration on the rule of law and civil/military coordination. The results showed that while the integration will eliminate many administrative uncertainties and create a single command structure, there were many challenges remaining concerning training and personnel recruitment, cultural adjustments, physical facilities and infrastructure, and the financing and management of the old Levies Force. Those individuals charged with ensuring that the integration will be successful must have continued political support; an adequate number of resources available; meaningful engagement with the community; and clear guidance for the future professional development of the individuals and employees involved in the merger.