Psychological Health of Female Nurses: An Exploration of Organizational and Individual Factors of Horizontal Hostility

Abstract

Horizontal hostility is a distressing issue that negatively affects the psychological health of nursing professionals. Nursing is considered less privileged, and nurses are oppressed and frustrated due to organizational hierarchy and unsatisfactory work environments. To understand and address this issue, an insight into the factors contributing to horizontal hostility among nursing staff working in developing countries is limited, giving rise to the need to develop a comprehensive framework.

We applied qualitative descriptive approach for data collection and analysis. Study setting included three public sector hospitals situated in main cities of Pakistan. Purposive sampling was used. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and data was collected from twenty respondents. Participants included Chief Nursing Superintendent, Head Nurses, Charge Nurses, and Junior Nurses. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed for extraction of themes. Interpretive approach was used to explore themes and categories.

The participants shared their real-life experiences regarding the hostile behaviors of their colleagues. Data analysis revealed individual and organizational level antecedents and outcomes of horizontal hostility among nurses. We find that horizontal hostility exists among nursing professionals, resulting in turnover intentions and low-quality patient care. Oppression and workplace stress have been explored at the individual level, while gender discrimination and lack of administrative support are recognized as organizational level causes of horizontal hostility.

To inhibit horizontal hostility, individual and organizational level antecedents need to be addressed. The study of horizontal hostility is essential to truthfully address this issue inside the social formation of public sector hospitals in the best interest of patient safety and care. By understanding the causes, dimensions, and outcomes of horizontal hostility, nurse managers and administrators can provide a peaceful work environment to nursing professionals with a zero-tolerance policy for this distressing issue.