Inclusive Education in TVET: Exploring Vocational Educators’ Perspectives on Policies, Structures, Systems, and Practices
Keywords:
Inclusive Education; Vocational Education; Diversity; Learning Needs; Delphi TechniqueAbstract
Inclusive education is a teaching approach that gives all students equal employment opportunities without any discrimination. It gives importance to diversity, encourages participation, and ensures that all students have enough assistance to accomplish their educational requirements. This research aims to identify the possibilities and challenges that vocational educator face while practically implementing inclusive education policies and practices. The Delphi method was chosen as a data collection method for the current research. This approach uses pre-designed questionnaires and iterative feedback loops to finalise the perspectives of a group of knowledgeable individuals. The panel for the current research was comprised of vocational educators with expertise in teaching students with various educational requirements. This study has yielded insights that may be used to establish better policies and procedures to guarantee that all students have equitable access to education and that they have better educational outcomes.
References
Ainscow, M. (2003). Developing inclusive education systems: What are the levers for change? Journal of educational change, 6(2), 109-124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10833-005-1298-4
Ainscow, M., & Miles, S. (2009). Developing inclusive education systems: How can we move policies forward. In C. Giné, D. Durán, T. Font, & E. Miquel (Eds.), La educación inclusiva: de la exclusión a la plena participación de todo el alumnado (pp. 167-170). Horsori.
Ainscow, M., Slee, R., & Best, M. (2019). The Salamanca statement: 25 years on. 23(7-8), 671-676.
Amjad, H., & Muhammad, Y. (2019). Teaching students with down syndrome: Perspectives of special school educators and psychologists. Journal of Inclusive Education, 3(1), 127-143.
Ansari, B., & Wu, X. (2013). Development of Pakistan's technical and vocational education and training (TVET): An analysis of skilling Pakistan reforms. Journal of Technical Education and Training, 5(2).
Aslam, A., Muhammad, Y., & Nasir, L. (2022). Transgender students’ experiences of bullying: Some case study evidence. Global Social Sciences Review, 7(2), 71-80.
Bano, N., Yang, S., & Alam, E. (2022). Emerging challenges in technical vocational education and training of Pakistan in the context of CPEC. Economies, 10(7), 153.
Echeita Sarrionandia, G., & Ainscow, M. (2011). Inclusive education as a right: framework and guidelines for action for the development of a pending revolution. Tejuelo: Revista de Didáctica de la Lengua y la Literatura, 12, 26-46. http://hdl.handle.net/10486/661330
Fisher, D., & Frey, N. (2017). Inclusive education: A practical guide to supporting diversity in the classroom. ASCD.
Green, B., Jones, M., Hughes, D., & Williams, A. (1999). Applying the Delphi technique in a study of GPs’ information requirements. Health & Social Care in the Community, 7(3), 198-205. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2524.1999.00176.x
Grönlund, Å., Lim, N., & Larsson, H. (2010). Effective use of assistive technologies for inclusive education in developing countries: Issues and challenges from two case studies. International Journal of Education and Development using ICT, 6(4), 5-26.
Hameed, A., & Manzoor, A. (2019). Similar agenda, diverse strategies: A review of inclusive education reforms in the subcontinent. Bulletin of Education and Research, 41(2), 53-66.
Heroux, J., & Peters, S. (2020). Transforming special education with an inclusive, rights-based approach. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Education. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190264093.013.1232
Hsu, C.-C., & Sandford, B. A. (2007). The Delphi technique: making sense of consensus. Practical assessment, research, and evaluation, 12(1).
Iqbal, T., & Muhammad, Y. (2020). Using differentiated instruction in inclusive schools: A qualitative analysis of prospective educators’ self-efficacy. Journal of Inclusive Education, 4(1), 229-257.
Johnstone, C. J., Hayes, A., Cohen, E., Niad, H., Laryea-Adjei, G., Letshabo, K., Shikwe, A., & Agu, A. (2023). A Human Rights-Based Evaluation Approach for Inclusive Education. American Journal of Evaluation, 10982140231153810.
Juvonen, J., Lessard, L. M., Rastogi, R., Schacter, H. L., & Smith, D. S. (2019). Promoting Social Inclusion in Educational Settings: Challenges and Opportunities. Educational Psychologist, 54(4), 250-270. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2019.1655645
Khalid, A., Muhammad, Y., & Masood, S. (2021). Challenges faced by students with low vision in preparing for their public exams: A qualitative study. Global Educational Studies Review, 6(3), 41–50.
Meijer, C. J. W., Pijl, S. J., & Hegarty, S. (2020). Inclusive education policies: The critical role of educators in promoting equity. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 24(1), 1-13.
Messiou, K., & Ainscow, M. (2020). Inclusive inquiry: Student-educator dialogue as a means of promoting inclusion in schools. British Educational Research Journal, 46(3), 670-687. https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3602
Parra Dussan, C. (2011). Educación inclusiva: un modelo de diversidad humana [Inclusive education: A model of human diversity]. Revista Educación y Desarrollo Social, 5(1), 139-150. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=5386258
Pather, S., & Slee, R. (2018). Introduction: Exploring inclusive education and ‘inclusion’in the African context. In Challenging Inclusive Education Policy and Practice in Africa (pp. 1-14). Brill. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004391505_101
Pérez-González, J.-C., & Núñez-Pardo, J. A. (2020). Inclusive education in vocational education and training: A systematic review. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 24(2), 164-181.
Pirzada, G. (2020). Effect of including global TVET worldview in TIMT (TVET) Institute Management Training) on vocational institute management in Pakistan. TVET@ asia.
Pirzada, G., Anis, F., & Ahmed, F. Creating inclusive tvet institutions for hearing impaired students: Insights and recommendations.
Pirzada, G., Muhammad, Y., & Ahmed, F. (2021a). TVET trainers understanding of engaging instruction: The learning challenge [[HEC Recognized Y Category Journal]]. Journal of Educational Research & Social Science Review, 1(3), 25-35.
Pirzada, G., Muhammad, Y., & Ahmed, F. (2021b). TVET trainers understanding of engaging instruction: The learning challenge. Journal of Educational Research and Social Sciences Review (JERSSR), 1(3), 25-35.
Pirzada, G., Muhammad, Y., & Anis, F. (2020). Promoting 21st-century TVET skills in Pakistan: Educators’ perceptions. Pakistan Social Sciences Review, 4(2), 986-1001.
Pirzada, G., Muhammad, Y., & Mahmood, A. (2022). Assessment challenges faced by technical vocational education (TVET) stakeholders in pakistan: Stakeholders’ perspectives. Research Journal of Social Sciences & Economics Review, 3(4), 17-26.
Pirzada, G., Muhammad, Y., & Masood, S. (2021). TVET trainers’ understanding of engaging instruction: Enriching training experience. VFAST Transactions on Education and Social Sciences, 9(3), 37-47.
Schreier, M., Stamann, C., Janssen, M., Dahl, T., & Whittal, A. (2019). Qualitative content analysis: Conceptualizations and challenges in research practice—introduction to the fqs special issue "qualitative content analysis ". Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research,
Skinner, R., Nelson, R. R., Chin, W. W., & Land, L. (2015). The Delphi method research strategy in studies of information systems.
Slee, R. (2020). Defining the scope of inclusive education. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000373718
Sulman, N., Naz, S., & Ali, S. (2024). Training requirements of educators in relation to introducing inclusive education practices in existing system of Sindh, Pakistan. Siazga Research Journal, 3(1), 20-29. https://journals-uoli.com/index.php/SRJ/article/view/42
Swain, J., French, S., & Cameron, C. (2020). Disabling barriers, enabling environments. Sage Publications Limited.
Swancutt, L., Medhurst, M., Poed, S., & Walker, P. (2020). Making adjustments to curriculum, pedagogy and assessment. In Inclusive Education for the 21st Century (pp. 208-243). Routledge.
Tahira, M., Muhammad, Y., & Masood, S. (2020). Early childhood educators’ attitudes towards educator-directed classroom management strategies in inclusive settings. Journal of Early Childhood Care and Education, 4(1), 37-60.
Terzi, L. (2014). Reframing inclusive education: educational equality as capability equality. Cambridge Journal of Education, 44(4), 479-493. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305764X.2014.960911
UNESCO. (1994, 1994). The salamanca statement and framework for action on special needs education. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000098427
UNESCO. (2005). Guidelines for inclusion: Ensuring access to education for all. UNESCO.
United Nations Educational, S., & Cultural, O. (2020). Global education monitoring report 2020: Inclusion and education: All means all. UNESCO. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000373718
Usma Wilches, J. (2009). Education and language policy in Colombia: Exploring processes of inclusion, exclusion, and stratification in times of global reform. PROFILE Issues in Educators' Professional Development, 11(1), 123-141. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/profile/article/view/10551
Valcarce Fernandez, M. (2011). From the integrating school to the inclusive school. INNOVACION EDUCATIVA(21), 119-131.
Velarde, J. M. (2024). Leading in multicultural schools : cultural intelligence and leadership styles for better organisations. Routledge,
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Gouhar Pirzada, Tahira Batool Bokhari, Dr. Faisal Anis
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.